purnea university

About Purnea University

Purnea University, Purnia which was carved out of Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University, Madhepura on 18th March 2018 by an act of Bihar Assembly which was notified in Bihar Gazette (Ashadharn) on 17th August 2016 under Bihar State University Act (BSU ACT 1976) amended under section 3(1) of Bihar Act 23, 1976 and called the Bihar State Universities Amendment Act 13, 2016. The nomenclature ‘Purnea University’ has sprung from the name of the Purnea district itself. Purnea University is formed to cater to the needs of higher education of Purnea Division spread over four districts namely Purnea, Araria, Kishanganj and Katihar. The university envisions to become a globally acclaimed academic and research institution that will inspire meaningful transformations to ensure holistic growth and development of the society. The mission of this university is to generate a community of scholars for best teaching and learning practice around the world, to inculcate in the learners ethical, ecological and economic issues of knowledge, to provide knowledge-based scientific solutions to satisfy the needs of society and industry. The university is committed to be a world-class excellence in education in the coming years.

At present, University runs in the campus of Purnea College, Purnea but very soon it will have its own campus in which offices, residences, Sports & Cultural spaces, Academic & Administrative blocks, Conference Halls, Examination Halls, Libraries, Laboratories, Guest Houses, University Health Care Centre, Hostels, Canteen, Yoga and Dhyan Kendra, Information and Communication System (ICS) cell, Training & Placement Cell, International Affairs Cell and all other basic amenities will be available.

Currently, Purnea is a centre of education in the north-east Bihar region. Purnea University comprises of 13 constituent colleges, 33 affiliated colleges including B.Ed, Engineering, Management and Medical institutions spread across Purnea Division.

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What is the Solar Nebula Theory?

The Solar System formed 4.6 Ga (for Giga annum or billions of years) when the interstellar material in a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy condensed and collapsed. Under the influence of gravity this material flattened into a counter clockwise rotating disk. There are nth numbers of theories which explain the formation of the Solar System and the Solar Nebula Theory is one of them.

What is the Solar Nebula Theory?

90% mass is concentrated in the centre with the rest occurring in the solar nebula. The term 'nebula' is a Latin word which means 'cloud'. The Solar Nebula Theory postulates that the Solar System is formed by the transition from an undifferentiated cloud to a star system complete with planets and moons takes about 100 million years.

This theory states that the Solar System was formed in 4.6 billion years ago by condensation and postulates are moving on three observable facts- first is that all the planets orate in the same direction; second is that all the planets orbit within six degree of a common plane; and third is that all the terrestrial planets are situated within the orbit of the Asteroid Belt whereas those outside it are gaseous. This theory also supports the existence of the Kuiper Belt (Belt of high concentration of comets).

Stages of the formation of Solar Systemaccording to the Solar Nebula Theory: Cloud Collapse > Formation of Protoplanetary disk > Growth of planets.

According to the Solar Nebula Theory, the formation of the solar system was started when an interstellar cloud, containing approximately 75 percent hydrogen, 25 percent helium and traces of other elements, begins to form areas of higher concentration, or clumps. The moment clumps expansion, the gravitational forces increases and transform into kinetic energy of the increasingly fast moving particles that collide with each other and generate heat. After an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay one clump dominates, and when its temperature reaches 10 million degrees Kelvin (18 million degrees Fahrenheit), nuclear fission begins. The outward pressure created by the fission reactions prevents further collapse, and the clump of burning hydrogen gas stabilizes and becomes a star.

After collapse of cloud, the Protoplanetary disks were formed which is also called proto-stars. The gases in the nebula from which it is born form a disk and spiral more and more quickly around its centre. After an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay the outskirt of the disk started form balls like structure with composition which was depend up on their distance from the centre. Over the time these balls like structure collide with each other to form spherical bodies under the process which is called as accretion. These larger bodies are called planetesimals or celestial bodies.

After the formation of planetesimals or celestial bodies, continue to grow by assimilating surrounding material, including smaller planetesimals, to become planets.

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Sufi Revolution- Features, Methodology of worship and ten steps of Sufism

The term Sufi is derived from ‘suf’ meaning ‘wood’ as Sufis used woollen blankets, clothes. The Arabic meaning of which is ‘Purity’. There are two shades of Sufis: Ba-sara who believed in Islamic law and Be-shara who did not believed in Islamic law.

Sufism entered in India between 11^th and 12^th centuries.  Al-Hujwari was first Sufis who settled in India and died in 1089 AD who is popularly known as Data Ganj Naksh(Distributor of unlimited treasure). Multan and Punjab were the early centre of Sufism and by the 13^th and 14^th centuries, it spread to Kashmir,, Bihar, Bengal and the Deccan.

Features of Sufism

The salient features of the Sufism are discussed below:

1.  Sufism derives its principle from Islam.Although the Sufi saints seek inner puritybut the orthodox Muslims depend upon external conduct and blind observance of religious rituals.

2. Sufism believes that- ‘God is the beloved of the lover (Mashook)’ i.e. the devotee and the devotee is eager to meet his beloved (God).

3. Sufism believes that love and devotion are only means of reaching God.

4. Along with Prophet Muhammad, they also attached great importance to their ‘Murshid’ or ‘Pir’.

5. Sufism believes that devotion is more important than fast (Roza) or prayer(Namaz).

6. Sufism discards caste system.

7. Sufism was divided into 12 orders and each under a mystic Sufi saint.

List of Sufi Saints and their Contribution

Worship methodology of the Sufism

The practice of Sufism is seen first and foremost as a path to union with God, or the beholding of the Face of God. For that matter, Sufism cultivates the inner and the outer dimensions of spiritual practice, the esoteric and the exoteric.

Worship at Sufi shrines is called ‘Ziyarat’. Dancing and singing especially Quwwali, were the part of such worship. Sufi saints believe that reciting the name of God (Zikra) and listening (Sama). Chisti sama was popularised by the Amir Khusrow.

Saints and Teachers of the Bhakti Movement

Ten Steps of Sufism

The ten steps prescribed by the Sufism to realise God are given below:

1. Tauba meaning repentance (Remorse for your past conduct)

2. Zuhd meaning piety (Righteousness by virtue of being pious)

3. Wara meaning abstinence (act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite)

4. Faqr meaning poverty (state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions)

5. Sabr meaning patience (good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence)

6. Shukra meaning gratitude (feeling of thankfulness and appreciation)

7. Raza meaning hope (Be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes)

8. Riza meaning submission (act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another)

9. Khauf meaning fear (emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger)

10. Tauvakkul meaning contentment (Happiness with one's situation in life)

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What is Chit Fund and how does it work?

Chit fund is defined as per the Section 2(b) of the Chit Fund Act, 1982. 

According to this act; A chit fund is a type of rotating savings and agreement among different persons i.e. friends, relatives, neighbours and family members to subscribe a certain sum of money for a specified period of time. Chit funds are often microfinance organizations. Chit Funds are also known as the Chitty, Kuree, chit.

It is worth to mention that there are over 10,000 registered chit funds in India.

Under the chit fund agreement; a certain amount is deposited on regular basis by the different persons; and after the gap of a specified period of time the amount is returned to the subscribers with interest. Chit fund helps in collecting the small savings of the individuals which turns into a big amount.

How much Tax you pay on Diesel & Petrol in India?

How safe is Chit Fund?

Once the chit group commences, the foreman has to register the chit company with the registrar of chits. The owner of the chit has to pay 100% of the chit value as security with the registrar of chits.

The deposited amount can only be withdrawn after the said chit group closes and every subscriber is paid what is due to him or her. This regulation protects the interests of the subscriber to a certain extent.

If the chit is not registered with the registrar of chits then neither it is legal nor bound to pay the deposited amount of the subscribers.

The Chit Funds in India are regulated by the Chit Fund Act, 1982. Under this law, registration of the chit fund business can be done only by the respective state governments.

The Chit Registrar is appointed by the Government under section 61 of Chit Fund Act 1982. The Registrar of chit fund and the concerned State Government are authorised to take regulatory action in the cases related to chit fund fraud.

Why Chit Funds are Successful?

The secret of the success of the chit fund is that the business of these companies runs through agents who know the surrounding people, relatives, so these people are lured easily by the agents.

Chit companies are more active in rural and town areas. The agents of these chit companies promise to give 3 to 4 times returns to the subscribers in few months. These companies endorse their schemes or ponzi scheme through celebrities that is why innocent peoples believe the agents blindly.

Chit companies pay 25 to 40 percent commission to the agents that is why these agents do not hesitate in investing the money of their relatives also.

Chit fund companies convert this work intoMulti Level Marketing (MLM). In these chit fund companies, the current agents are given more commission on adding other people in the scheme, which expands their network day by day.

Where do Chit Fund Companies Invest Money?

Chit Fund companies primarily invest in the stock market, real estate, hotels, entertainment and tourism, micro finance, newspapers, electronic media and contract with the actors and celebrities.

Why Money lost in Chit Fund?

Since every chit company; works like a pyramid to form a network of agents. Hence, the numbers of agents and subscribers increase day by day. In this process the money received from the new subscribers or investors is distributed among matured policy holders but problem arises when the liabilities of the chit funds companies becomes more than their receipts.

To avoid this situation these chit companies elop with the entire money without returning the matured amounts to the subscribers.

The Saradha Chit fund scam and the Rose Valley scams are similar scams in which millions of rupees of thousands of the people have been duped.

How do save yourselves from Scam?

Whenever you want to invest money in a chit fund company, first of all check the website of the chit registrar of the respective state. If the name of the chit company (in which you are planning to invest) is mentioned in the list of approved chit fund companies then you can invest your hard earned money in that company otherwise don’t.

One more thing you need to take care that whenever anyone approach you to invest in a scheme in which you need to add some members to get more commission then it the time to get cautious instantly.

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NATIONALISM

All of us at some point in our lives, have to be loyal to our country. This loyalty to our
country may be generally understood as nationalism. A nationalist is a person who
loves his country. You may find statements of this kind in novels and poetry, speeches
and newspapers and also films.
Have you ever wondered when all this may have begun? What is the history of
nationalism? How old is this idea? Or. did people always love their country? Does the
world ‘nationalism’ carry any other meaning apart from a feeling of loyalty for one’s
country? These are the questions that we shall try to answer in this lesson.
OBJECTIVES
After studying the lesson, you will be able to :
• trace the history of idea of nationalism;
• explain the reasons for the rise of nationalism in Europe;
• relate the growth of nationalism in India with the struggle against British colo-
nialism;
• trace the emergence of ideas of nationalism in the field of culture in India and
• explain how nationalism was expressed in economic terms
 20.1 NATIONALISM: ORIGIN & MEANING
It may surprise you to learn that the history of this idea is not more than 200 years old.
Nationalism, in the sense in which we use it today, did not exist in India before the
19th century. It may also surprise you to learn that the roots (origins) of this idea do
not lie in the Indian history but in the history of Modern Europe. In fact it is possible
to talk of Indian nationalism as distinctly different from its European counterpart. In
order to know this difference it is important to have an idea of the circumstances
under which nationalism took roots in Europe.
In Europe the development of nationalism was the result of the fundamental changes
that were taking place in society and economy around the 18lh century. The begin-
ning of the industrial revolution produced goods and materials and created wealth at
an unprecedented (unprecedented means like never before) level. This led to the

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Happy Propose Day 2019 Wishes Status

Happy Propose Day 2019 Wishes Status, Images, Quotes, SMS, Messages, Video Photos, Shayari for Whatsapp and Facebook: Let your beloved know what you feel with these lovely messages.

How Propose Day is Celebrated

Youths and other age group people celebrate this special day in their own way to get full enjoy of it. Youths propose to their valentines at this day in excellent way to impress their loved ones. They propose their valentines to express their love and affection as well as to be their valentines forever. Someone propose it by sitting half on their knees with bunch of red roses in hand. Someone propose it by going to some popular places in different ways. Someone send a red rose bucket with greeting card, written love proposal messages and warm wishes, to the home of their valentine early in the morning. At this special day, all the mobile networks and postal services become busy as everybody send messages and gifts to their loved ones.

Propose Day Quotes

• “The course of true love never did run smooth.” – William Shakespeare
• “Rare as is true love, true friendship is rarer.” – Jean de La Fontaine
• “True love stories never have endings.” – Richard Bach
• “Nothing can bring a real sense of security into the home except true love.” – Billy Graham
• “True love doesn’t come to you it has to be inside you.” – Julia Roberts
• “True love cannot be found where it does not exist, nor can it be denied where it does.” – Torquato Tasso
• “Life is a game and true love is a trophy.” – Rufus Wainwright
• “To good and true love fear is forever affixed.” – Francois Rabelais
• “True love is selfless. It is prepared to sacrifice.” – Sadhu Vaswani
• “True love bears all, ensures all and triumphs!” – Dada Vaswani

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Table of the rakats of Namaz

Salaat Times, Numbers of Rakats, and Some Suggestions

Fajr: From dawn to just before sunrise.

Zuhr: Just after noon (when the sun has passed the median point in the sky).

Asr: Halfway between noon and sunset.

Maghrib: Just after sunset.

Isha: Dark night (approximately an hour and a half after sunset up to Fajr prayer).

The first two rakats of the Fajr and the Maghrib prayers are spoken aloud.

Fajr - 2 Rakat Namaz Sunnat + 2 Rakat Namaz Farz

Zohr - 4 Rakat Sunnat + 4 Rakat Farz + 2 Sunnat + 2 Nafl

Asr - 4 Rakat Namaz Sunnat + 4 Rakat Namaz Farz
 
Maghrib - 3 Rakat Farz + 2 Rakat Sunnat + 2 Rakat Nafl

Isha- 4 Sunnat+ 4 Farz+ 2 Sunnat+ 2 Nafl+ 3 Witr+2 Nafl

Jummah- 4 Sunnat+ 2 Farz +4 Sunnat +2 Sunnat +2 Nafl

Note: Any Human Error or typing error is possible so please reconfirm if you feel any issues or mistakes of Rakats.

Thanks Regards,
Syed Zain
Please duaon main yaad rakhna

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